RESEARCH ON NORMATIVE EXPRESSIONS OF GEOMATICS ELEMENTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF QUALITY INSPECTION

At present, social and economic development has entered a new era. The establishment of the Ministry of Natural Resources has strengthened the functions of the natural resources department to provide the government and the public with standard, accurate, authoritative and reliable geomatics data recognized by various sectors, and has also put forward higher requirements for the quality of geomatics data. The definition of some elements in the geomatics standards is ambiguous or even contradictory, which interferes with the work level of production personnel, affects the ability of quality inspectors to determine quality problems accurately and efficiently, reduces the consistency of geographic information data, and limits the promotion and use of the products. The fundamental way to solve this problem is to unify the understanding of products, quality inspection and application, to comprehensively consider different scales, different terrain types and different types of results, and to define geomatics elements precisely, clearly and uniformly so that practitioners in different links can reach a consensus and have no ambiguity in the understanding of the elements. This work is not only conducive to reducing friction among products, quality inspection and application, but also the basis for realizing the co-construction and sharing of geographic information data among various sectors. 1. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Terminology is a collection of titles used to represent concepts in a specific subject area. It is also called a noun or a scientific noun in China. Terminology plays a pivotal role in technological development, cultural heritage, and social progress. In a field, there must be a unified, precise, concise, and unambiguous definition and scope, to avoid unclear concepts, unclear expressions, and puzzling. The accuracy and uniformity of the definition of terms will directly affect the promotion and application of the products, and the non-standard and inaccurate terminology will also cause great trouble to the work. Comparing and analyzing the standards in the field of surveying and mapping, it can be found that the definition or classification of some terms is not uniform. The chaos of scientific terminology is caused by the unification of disciplines, industries, and individual experts. Breaking the boundaries of disciplines, industries, and individuals, and carrying out terminology norms and unification work in accordance with unified principles and methods, the meaning can be compared with the " unified transport system, single written language and same moral/ethical standards." Geospatial information resources are important strategic resources. Fully developing and utilizing geospatial information resources is one of the important tasks of national informatization. The government's professional departments and relevant units have collected a large number of thematic geospatial data according to the needs of the work, and some have also developed and constructed thematic geographic information system. However, for a long time, various professional departments have different definitions of geographical elements and different classification standards, The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-3/W10, 2020 International Conference on Geomatics in the Big Data Era (ICGBD), 15–17 November 2019, Guilin, Guangxi, China This contribution has been peer-reviewed. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W10-1271-2020 | © Authors 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. 1271 resulting in large differences in geospatial data produced by various fields, and the data standards are not uniform or even conflicting, and the use and sharing of geospatial data The huge impact has seriously restricted the process of information construction and caused a lot of waste of funds and information resources. Under the premise of the unified system and responsibilities of the natural resources department, natural resource management and various spatial planning do not need a comprehensive, unified and authoritative geospatial data as the basis for support. To realize the sharing of geospatial data, to solve the problem of counting multiple problems, it is necessary to formulate a scientific and unified definition, classification and code system of geographic elements.


GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
Terminology is a collection of titles used to represent concepts in a specific subject area. It is also called a noun or a scientific noun in China. Terminology plays a pivotal role in technological development, cultural heritage, and social progress. In a field, there must be a unified, precise, concise, and unambiguous definition and scope, to avoid unclear concepts, unclear expressions, and puzzling. The accuracy and uniformity of the definition of terms will directly affect the promotion and application of the products, and the non-standard and inaccurate terminology will also cause great trouble to the work. Comparing and analyzing the standards in the field of surveying and mapping, it can be found that the definition or classification of some terms is not uniform.
The chaos of scientific terminology is caused by the unification of disciplines, industries, and individual experts. Breaking the boundaries of disciplines, industries, and individuals, and carrying out terminology norms and unification work in accordance with unified principles and methods, the meaning can be compared with the " unified transport system, single written language and same moral/ethical standards." Geospatial information resources are important strategic resources. Fully developing and utilizing geospatial information resources is one of the important tasks of national informatization. The government's professional departments and relevant units have collected a large number of thematic geospatial data according to the needs of the work, and some have also developed and constructed thematic geographic information system. However, for a long time, various professional departments have different definitions of geographical elements and different classification standards, The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-3/W10, 2020 International Conference on Geomatics in the Big Data Era (ICGBD), 15-17 November 2019, Guilin, Guangxi, China This contribution has been peer-reviewed. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W10-1271-2020 | © Authors 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. resulting in large differences in geospatial data produced by various fields, and the data standards are not uniform or even conflicting, and the use and sharing of geospatial data The huge impact has seriously restricted the process of information construction and caused a lot of waste of funds and information resources.
Under the premise of the unified system and responsibilities of the natural resources department, natural resource management and various spatial planning do not need a comprehensive, unified and authoritative geospatial data as the basis for support.
To realize the sharing of geospatial data, to solve the problem of counting multiple problems, it is necessary to formulate a scientific and unified definition, classification and code system of geographic elements.

Standard GB/T 20257
The GB/T 20257 series of standards is divided into 4 volumes.

Lakes and ponds:
In standard GB/T 20257, the lake is a water body formed by the accumulation of water on the land, which has a wide water area and a slow change in water quantity. The pond is a manually excavated stagnant water body or a naturally formed small-scale hydrothermal water body.
In standard "China Lake Name Code" ， the lake basin and its accepted water body (including intergranular brine) are called lakes. The lake basin of the lake is a relatively closed natural depression on the surface. Hydrological Basic Terminology and Symbol Standards: Water storage on land. A complex natural body of broad waters consisting of lake basins, lake water and the materials contained therein. Usually the ponds are filled with no ground. They rely on natural groundwater sources and rainwater or artificially divert water into the pool.
If the definition of pond is only the "water excavation" of the water, the distinction between "lake" and "pond" is not controversial, but the definition of "pond" is also "or the natural formation of smaller depressions". There are two problems in the content of the water body: One is the pond artificial or natural, another one is how large is the area "small area"?

Bridge and culvert: GB/T 20257 definition of culvert:
Construction of water or passages under structures such as roads and dams. But in standard "Glossary terminology for highway engineering": A small-sized drainage structure that is mainly used for venting surface water flow and crossing an embankment. It is generally composed of a foundation, a hole, and a hole. Where the single hole span is less than 5m or the total length of the porous span is less than 8m, it is called culvert. Pipe culverts and box culverts are called culverts regardless of the span.

Swamp and wetland: GB/T 20257 definition of swamp
and wetlands: areas where the ground is wet for a long time, muddy or flooded (including seasonal wet grass). In standard "Glossary of Geography": A geologic complex of aquatic organisms and aquatic soils developed in moist or shallow waters. These include natural and artificial, permanent and temporary types of swamps, peatlands, salty and freshwater bodies on land, and waters within 6 meters of water at low tide levels. In standard "Glossary of Forestry": natural or artificial, permanent or temporary stagnant or flowing water, fresh water, brackish or salt water marshes, peatlands or waters. Includes waters with a water depth of no more than 6 m at low tide. In The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-3/W10, 2020 International Conference on Geomatics in the Big Data Era (ICGBD), 15-17 November 2019, Guilin, Guangxi, China standard "Basic terminology and symbolic standards for hydrology": swamps, soils are often saturated with water, long-term or temporary accumulation of water on the surface, growth of wet and marsh plants, accumulation of peat or areas where there is no accumulation of peat but burial layers.

Island:
In standard GB/T 20257, island is a sea or river, a lake, a reservoir surrounded by water and a land that rises above the water year round. In the rivers and lakes, the boundary between the water body and the land is basically fixed because the water level does not change much. However, due to the effect of the tide, the sea level changes greatly, resulting in the boundary between the sea body and the land. Changes are also not fixed, which leads to many differences in the identification of islands at sea. Standard " Glossary of Architectural " defines a block: an area defined by a natural boundary ( such as a river ) or a street in a town. In the urban area, various building are built on both sides The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-3/W10, 2020 International Conference on Geomatics in the Big Data Era (ICGBD), 15-17 November 2019, Guilin, Guangxi, China of the whole road or most of the sections, and roads with sidewalks and various municipal utilities are provided.

High-rise building and super high-rise building: GB/T
20257 defines 10 to 18 floors building as high-rise building, and 19 or more floors are super high-rise building.
In standard " Code for Fire Protection of Building Design ": High-rise building are non-single-storey building, warehouse and other civil building with a building height of more than 27m and a building height of more than 24m. In standard " Technical Regulations for Concrete Structures of Tall Building ": Ten-storey and ten-storey residential building with a height of more than 28 m and other high-rise civil building with a height of more than 24 m are high-rise building. In the United States, 24.6m (80 feet) or more are considered high-rise building; in Japan, 31m or 8th floors are considered high-rise building; in the UK, building equal to or greater than 24.3m are considered high-rise building.
In mainland of China, building codes stipulate that super high-rise building are more than 100 meters high; Japan and  For the sake of simplicity and convenience, many surveying and mapping workers classify the hardened roads in rural areas into " machinery roads ", and some people classify hardened roads in rural areas into " roads ". The two manifestations have their own reasons, and they have been arguing for several years. For the designers of surveying and mapping products, in the absence of relevant surveying and mapping standards, some of the professional design books are classified as " highways ", and some are classified as " machinery roads "; The quality inspection department of the product is also difficult to master and can only be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the professional design book.

CONCLUSIONS
The GB/T 20257 series of standards and related standards have different definitions of the same geographical elements, they also create some glossary of geographical element which do not appear in the standards of the competent authorities, such as the disappearing river section, high grassland, and more The The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-3/W10, 2020 International Conference on Geomatics in the Big Data Era (ICGBD), 15-17 November 2019, Guilin, Guangxi, China classification of geographic elements into one class is not conducive to fine management, such as the combination of swamp and wetland. The latest revision has incomplete geographic elements, such as charging piles, country roads, UHV/UHV transmission lines, and wide-track railways.
The research work and result are conducive to guiding the quality inspectors to change their concepts, change the concept of the surveying and mapping unit based on me, and establish the basic concept of correctly treating the discourse power of the competent unit and the surveying and mapping unit in the cross-disciplinary field.