TITLE : VISION OF THE RECONSTRUCTION OF DESTRUCTED MONUMENTS OF PALMYRA ( 3 D ) AS A STEP TO REHABILIATE AND PRESERVE THE WHOLESITE

Syria is one of the world’s most impressive Cultural Heritages in terms of the number and historical significance of its monuments. Palmyra lies in the heart of Syria, an oasis in the midst of the arid desert.it could be considered as a part of this human heritage. In1980 was registered on the world and national heritage list for its huge historical importance. In addition, it was the focus of many studies and researches in the fields of restoration. Then the disaster happened, many monuments were demolished, temple of Ba’al, temple of Bael-shameen, Arch of triumph and the Castle. Lately the Tetrapylon and the Stag. Every Syrian was hurt, the whole world was hurt. The destruction of the city caused its people to become homeless and Palmyra was no longer the oasis we know. We felt pain, so we wanted to make a move, a step forward, to present a work that expresses our love for Palmyra, we organized Palmyra workshop to provide a vision for the reconstruction and revival of the historic site importance. Visions with using new idea & new technology. Palmyra historical areas are considered a large open museum for heritage through history, which is the reason to treat these area as a historical protection precinct and give a vision, ideas, suggestions to the future of Palmary as a first step to preserve the historical buildings& the archeological park.


1-INTROUDUCTION:
1-1-Historical Background of Palmyra: Palmyra is an oasis in the Syrian Desert, northeast of Damascus; it was one of the most important cultural and commercial centers of the ancient world (1).The city grew wealthy from trade caravans; the Palmyrenes were renowned merchants, who established colonies along the Silk Road and operated throughout the Roman Empire.The culture of Palmyra was influenced by Greco-Roman and produced distinctive art and architecture that combined eastern and western with local traditions (2).
Fifure(1)Palmyra befor Destruction By the third century AD, Palmyra was a prosperous regional center reaching the apex of its power in the 260s, when Palmyrene King Odaenathus defeated Persian Emperor Shapur I.The king was succeeded by regent Queen Zenobia, who rebelled against Rome and established the Palmyrene Empire.In 273, Roman emperor Aurelian destroyed the city, which was later restored by Diocletian at a reduced size( ).The Palmyrenes converted to Christianity during the fourth century and it became the headquarters of the diocese.Muslims came by leader Khaled bin Al-Walid 634 ADS, increased its importance in the Umayyad era because of its presence between the eastern ( ) ._______________ In the Ayyubid and Mamluk reigns, the castle was rebuilt, the second fortress Fakher al-Din.In 14th century, Tamerlane destroyed the city and ended its importance.During the Ottomans, the city was neglected and abandoned.

1-2-Discriptions of Palmyra & its Monuments:
Palmyra Houses were settled as they agreed on the spring of Afqa (3) and around the Temple of Ba'al.The people lived in the western part of Palmyra & built with small stones, bricks and mud, but when they flourished in the first three centuries of the birth the population of the city began to grow( ), and most important buildings were built in the city during these three centuries.In20 century the inhabitants were living in the Ba'al Temple and, After their removing in1932, the ancient site was available for excavations and restorations and the modern city begin to developing.A actually in the 1920s, during the French mandate was for the first time defining protection zones of the effects of Palmyra and that protect Palmyra for long time .The limits of the protection of the first archaeological site does not allow any type of facilities or infrastructure projects.
The current borders and the archeological site had match the limits by the French in1934 with a simple modification in 1978.
The delimitation of the archaeological site in 1976 as an amendment to the basic borders set by former French in 1934, and issued Resolution No. 38 in January 2008 after the approval of the DGAM and ratified by the minister of culture puts the border for six areas of the protection of the archaeological site of the Registrar takes in.
The limits of the protection of the first archaeological site does not allow any type of facilities or infrastructure projects.
Start from the southern border of the archaeological site and continues toward the oasis after 250 m, does not allow any type of construction, but allows for some simple cross infrastructure in the region on numerous occasions, water and sewage, roads and others paved roads according to the need.
Include the limits of barrenness (Salt Lake), which is located between the southern and south-eastern part of the protection zone is composed of agricultural land, which should be the protection of the quality of the land and do not allow the establishments by the laws of the land itself.Allow environmental installations, which are in line with the historic and natural features of the site, but that the License requires the approval of the ministry of culture and the DGAM.This region does not permit any type of construction Building Area no later than 5m altitudes (environmental architecture.one floor) commensurate with the surrounding environment.An essential condition.
Part of the archaeological site in Resolution 2122 for the year 1934 as part of the region 1.Where excluded this area of protection.

Figure (15) Protection zone near the Castle
The tower hill near the castle which is reflected negatively on the natural scene the landing during the terrorist attacks on the city of destroy the proposal not to be returned to its previous negative impact on the visual scene Figure ( 16)The suggested area an additional changes Also the transitional zone between the city and the archaeological site is very sensitive area adjacent to the archaeological site and to the oasis part (1994).But that area is under the pressure of a large development where the proposal of strict controls and FRACTIOUS the type and size of the development in this region because it directly overlooking the archaeological site of the organizational outline, so it is proposed not to increase the number of floors of the buildings more than 4-storey building.Our aim is to rehabilatet and preserve the site.There are many diffeculty.The most important thing is to start working, to give diferantd suggetions, depinging on an acurt anlazes(speacilly id its possible on the site)

2-3-Physical Assessments (Destruction)
The dificulties ,which we face are on 2 direction:  The dicition for evry monement (The Fund chassis: The remaining part, The collapsed part, The destroyd part.) The dicition to rehabilatet the whol site: How could we present the site?:What are the current constraints and opportunities that will affect the management conservation of the site.7. Giving ideas, suggestions of reconstructions patterns (using 3D modelling) and weighing them to choose decide the best solution and the best way, How we could present these monement (this would be very difficult) and how could be the values of the site will preserved.

4-Finally Vision of Palmyra?
Palmyra located in the center of Syria.On the National Framework of Planning gave an important role to this city and its surrounding area to be suggested as a national park, for the many values, it holds starting with the historical, natural, cultural, geographical and social importance until reaching its role as one of the national economy's main pillars ( ).
Preserving the site as a sustainable proses could be done only by starting with an integrated conservation development plan take inconsideration the modern city and its relationship with the site and its region.The modern city should have high priority by planning actions to encourage inhabitants to return to their city.
In May 2015, thousands of Palmyra's 70,000 residents were forced to flee,specifically towards the city of Homs and others places.

Figure ( 2
Figure (2-3) Site plan of Palmyra and the modern city GIS/ 2016 & the Site of Palmyra Palmyra holds the record for the number of rich cultures that could be found in one place.Numerous archaeological missions of various nationalities as well as national missions have been worked in Palmyra ( ).In 2015, Palmyra came under the control of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), and subsequently changed hands several times between the militant group and the Syrian Army who retook the city on 2 March 2017.ISIL sabotaged many artifacts and destroyed a number of buildings, considerably damaging the ancient site.The most important Monements: The Temple of Ba'al was dedicated in AD 32.( )it consisted of a large precinct lined by porticos; it had a rectangular shape and was oriented north-south.The exterior wall was 205-metre long

Figure ( 14 )
Figure (14) Buffer zone of the city Palmyra Protection zones of the effects of Palmyra in 1920

Figure ( 17
Figure (17) physical assessment by World heritage center 2014 was fooled with other assessment ( ).Documentation of the Current situation and lay down the objectives and work program (4000 picture).Assessment and analyzing problems as possible to define the changes.In Syria's Six World Heritage sites were placed on the List of World Heritage in Danger, Thursday, 20 June 2013 and the city of Palmyra was the first one of them.According to the time of the destruction, the city had a severe damages starting from the recent one:  The Tetrapylyon was damaged on 20 February 2017  The Stage was damaged on 2 March 2017  The Castle was damaged on 18 March 2016

Figure( 18 )
Figure(18) Initial damage assessment on the site

Figure( 34 )
Figure(34)Shema of the sestamfffatic of the work documentation and damage assessment

Figure ( 35 )
Figure (35) the proposed outline of the ambulatory consolidation

Figure( 46
Figure(46) fleeing out sid the city, Figure(47) distruction in the modern city.The integrated development plan should consist of three level, which decides the priorities of variables vision of Palmyra: 1-Short-term: Rescue operations and rapid consolidations, emergency reconstruction & services.Disaster's risk management, returning of population.2-Medium term (3-5 years): Implementing a conservation plans with a high level of scientific expertise, providing a planning vision for the future of the archeological site and the modern city (establishing Restoration projects), Social economic development, cooperation with the local stakeholders.3-Longerterm: On the regional planning level, to develop a comprehensive plan for Creating the National Park, a symbiotic relationship between preserving biodiversity and landscape and creating opportunities for recreation and education infrastructure development, poverty alleviation, affordable housing, disaster risk reduction, conservation of tangible and intangible heritage and the possibility of reactivating domestic tourism.

Figure ( 48 )
Figure (48) Vision, Arc de triumphFinally, let us hope that Palmyra will rise from the ashes to wipe the pain and restore hope.Every mind is working to give the city back its glory ______________________ Significance Values:The UNESCO has registered the site as a world heritage sites in 1980.National authorities listed the old walled city early in 1972.One hundred and ten (110) individual monuments were already listed in Palmyra when UNESCO listed the city in 1979.The number of monuments, which were listed until now, is 285 monuments.Recognition of the splendor of the ruins of Palmyra by travelers in the 17 th and 18 th centuries, contributed greatly to the subsequent revival of classical architectural styles and urban design in the West.Criterion (iv): The grand monumental colonnaded street, open in the center with covered side passages, and subsidiary cross streets of similar design together with the major public buildings, form an outstanding illustration of architecture and urban layout at the peak of Rome's expansion in and engagement with the East.The great temple of Ba'al is considered one of the most important religious buildings of the 1st century AD in the East and of unique design.The carved sculptural treatment of the monumental archway through which the city is approached from the great temple is an outstanding example of Palmyrene art.The large-scale funerary monuments outside the city walls in the area known as the Valley of the Tombs display distinctive decoration and construction methods.The UNESCO has registered the site as a world heritage sites in 1980.National authorities listed the old walled city early in 1972.The Syrian Law of Antiquities (1963) allows for the protection by the General Directorate of Antiquities of individual buildings as well as of ancient quarters.A protection area may be defined around a building or a district.If the protection area were not defined in the time of listing, this could be done later by ministerial decree (article 13).The easements around the site may concern non-aedificandi areas as well as heights, construction materials, techniques and colors and even windows and terraces of buildings (article 14).The Antiquities authorities' approval is anyway necessary for any building license ( ) Buffer zone: The site was designated as a national monument and is now protected by the National Antiquities law 222 as amended in 1999.A buffer zone was established in 2007.A Diagram shows the Ratifies of the six areas of protection of the minister of culture and the Supreme Council of Antiquities source (the strategic plan of action for the territory of Palmyra MAM).