GREEN ARCHITECTURE AS AN EFFECTIVE STRATEGY TO PRESERVE CULTURE HERITAGE-SPECIAL MENTION “VANCOUVER CITY- CANADA”

Culture heritage provides us an automatic sense of unity and belonging, which allows us to better understand previous generation and history of where we come from. The preservation of heritage is closely linked to the culture of society where culture plays a vital role in urban, economic and social development. The research aim is to overview the main principles of green architecture and identify the main heritage conservation approaches as a theoretical approach to identify the most suitable conservation approach that applies all the principles of the green architecture. The chosen approach will be applied on our case study ”Vancouver city in Canada” to verity our conclusion from the theoretical study. Scientific Addition: Creating “Green Architecture effective Strategy” to preserve culture heritage areas and achieve balance between heritage preservation and sustainable urban development needs . * Corresponding author 1 Appendino, F., Balancing Heritage conservation and sustainable development. 1. PRINCIPLES OF GREEN ARCHITECTURE 1.1 Energy efficiency Reducing energy consumption including the energy requirements for energy usage and the utilization of sustainable energy sources. 1.2 Water efficiency Green architecture principle makes sure that water is collected, purified, used and reused during the whole construction process. 1.3 Land use efficiency Land use efficiency is an output of the architectural designs that identifies a suitable site development and maximizing the usage of existing local materials. 1.4 Low environmental impact Preventing deterioration of the site during construction process and minimizing the negative impacts on the environment. 1.5 Material efficiency Managing the material consumption in the construction process. 1.6 Low maintenance costs Facilitating the materials usage and construction techniques that help in reducing the cost of the operation, construction and maintenance.


Energy efficiency
Reducing energy consumption including the energy requirements for energy usage and the utilization of sustainable energy sources.

Water efficiency
Green architecture principle makes sure that water is collected, purified, used and reused during the whole construction process.

Land use efficiency
Land use efficiency is an output of the architectural designs that identifies a suitable site development and maximizing the usage of existing local materials.

Low environmental impact
Preventing deterioration of the site during construction process and minimizing the negative impacts on the environment.

Material efficiency
Managing the material consumption in the construction process.

Low maintenance costs
Facilitating the materials usage and construction techniques that help in reducing the cost of the operation, construction and maintenance.

Waste reduction
Reducing the wastage of water, energy, and materials during and even after construction management system.

Use of renewable energy
Usage of the principles of renewable energy during all the phases of the architectural design.

Indoor environmental quality
Creating an interior space that controls temperature naturally using the architectural environmental aspects.

HERITAGE CONSERVATION APPROACHES
Heritage conservation process consist of different approaches that are defined and classified according to the level of intervention and the changes allowed on the historical fabrics, these approaches differs in its final product according to the receptiveness of the heritage physical vocabulary.

Classification of the heritage conservation approaches:
The heritage conservation approaches could be classified according to the dealing with the heritage physical vocabulary way (Oberlander et al., 1989).

First: Maximum respect to heritage physical vocabulary
1. Preservation 2 "A program of intervention designed to prevent further deterioration and to keep a building, "as it is" -that is, to respect its present form, material and integrity." 2. Stabilization 2 "A minimum amount of work is done to safeguard a building from the elements and/or destruction and to protect the public from danger." Consolidation, Restoration and Rehabilitation.

Second: Moderate respect to heritage physical vocabulary
6. Reassembly 2 "Reassembly is often undertaken out of structural necessity, to repair deteriorated material, or to observe historic construction techniques." 7. Replication 2 "The making of an exact copy of an existing structure, feature or artefact. The purpose of replication is usually to replace a missing or decayed." 8. Reconstruction 2 "A building, site feature or artefact that no longer exists is reproduced with new construction that exhibits the shape, material and detailing." Table 3. Application of the principles of Green Architecture on the preservation approach: Reconstruction, Moving and Fragmentation.

VANCOUVER'S HERITAGE PRESERVATION
Vancouver has tremendous value in its historically and culturally significant buildings, monuments, and other sites. Because of this, Council oversees a comprehensive heritage management program to protect, restore, and rehabilitate as many sites as possible. Vancouver is a vibrant city with numerous parks, gardens, beaches, and community centres and a growing arts and culture scene. So the city council proposed a heritage management program which based on three main Sequential stages: 3 Heritage management plan / Heritage register / Public education efforts.

The program
The program has been proposed "The Heritage Building Rehabilitation Program" (HBRP) for a five-year period (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008) to facilitate the upgrading of heritage buildings and foster economic. The City has recently been recognized with an Outstanding Achievement Award for the Program from the Heritage Society of British Columbia.

The program objective
The objective of the Heritage Building Rehabilitation Program is to encourage the full upgrading of heritage buildings to ensure their long-term conservation while also stimulating economic development within the incentive area.

Policy Criteria 4
The main criteria of the program is achieving rehabilitation throw 4 main concepts (Consolidaterestoremaintainupgrade). The program has been applied to the most important heritage and vital areas in Vancouver with different scales for all levels of urban hierarchy according to green architecture principles which represented in: Settlement, neighborhood, corridor, square, parks and landmark.

Site A: Settlement… Gastown:
It is the original settlement that became the core of the creation of Vancouver. Today, it's a national historic site and quickly became a general centre of trade and commerce. Citizens became concerned with preserving Gastown's historic architecture. Gastown was awarded "A key to the city", Gastown was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 2009. Gastown is a mix of "hip" contemporary fashion and interior furnishing boutiques, tourist-oriented businesses, restaurants. Gastown has become a hub for technology and media

Site B: Neighborhood… Chinatown:
Chinatown is the oldest neighborhood in Vancouver. This historic neighborhood is a part of Vancouver's past, and will continue to play an important role in its future. 5 These vibrant neighborhoods host a huge variety of interesting arts and cultural events, festivals, facilities, and services. Not all structures contained therein relate to Chinatown nor are all older buildings.

Figure 3. Chinatown
Rehabilitation of Chinatown based on comprehensive strategy to achieve the user needs:  Solving social problems (more life on the streets at night and on weekends).
 Providing better restaurants -the heart of Chinatown-as they are keys for improving its business sector.
 Modernizing the cultural center and museum as a viable attraction while keeping its neighbourhood aspects.
 Taking advantage of its fine-grained streetscape pattern, which offers a unique sidewalk experience compared to newer auto-oriented suburban areas.
 Renovating its 20 heritage buildings, creating a historic district unparalleled in Western Canada, which will increase tourists and residents, leading to more local Spending.
 Clean and safe in order to reduce negative images, such as illegal drug use and panhandling, associated with the Downtown Eastside in general.

Site C: Corridor…Hastings Street:
It is one of the most important east-west traffic corridors in the cities of Vancouver. 6 The street forms one of the commercial cores for Vancouver's Italian community. It used to be a part of the decommissioned Highway it joins the recently built Burnaby Mountain Parkway and diverges from the continuation the street runs past such well-known Vancouver landmarks as the Marine Building, the Vancouver Club, Sinclair Centre, Harbour Centre and Victory Square. The street forms the heart of Vancouver's historic original downtown, once known as the Great White Way because of its neon displays, and which is today the troubled Downtown Eastside and a notorious open-air drug market.

Site D: Squares …Victory Square:
Victory Square is a park in Vancouver, bordered by West Hastings Street to the northeast, West Pender Street to the southwest, Cambie Street to the southeast, and Hamilton Street to the northwest. Of the monument faces; one side faces Hastings Street, the others Pender and Hamilton Streets, and was designed thus by Major G.L. Thornton Sharp, architect, town planner, and park commissioner, to conform to the triangular shape of the park. It is so placed that, when approached from the east, it appears in the distance centrally at the end of busy Hastings Street. A firestorm destroyed the city and the site has had a negative impact on its historical and architectural value 7 , but has been rehabilitated and developed to preserve its heritage features.  Red Cedar: Tree of Life. The cedar tree is central to Coastal First Nations' traditional and ceremonial life. Every part of the tree is a resource for clothing, utensils, pole carving, and ceremonial objects, and the tree plays an integral role in first Nations' spiritual beliefs. As such, the cedar tree was a key element in the commemoration of the First Nations' presence in the park. The First Nations' sub-committee hosted a traditional ceremonial in the park which supported by the community and by the Vancouver Board of Parks and Recreation.

Site G: Landmark…Gastown Clock: The Gastown
Steam Clock is a famous landmark in Gastown. Part of Vancouver's distributed steam heating system, as a way to harness the steam and to prevent street people from sleeping on the spot in cold weather (Robertson, 1999). The steam mechanism was completely restored with the financial support of local businesses as it had become a major tourist attraction, and is promoted as a heritage feature although it is of modern invention. In October 2014 the clock was temporarily removed for major repairs by its original builder, and was reinstalled 2015 8 .

CONCLUSIONS
The research shed light on the main principles of green architecture and identify the main heritage conservation approaches as a theoretical approach and identify that the most suitable conservation approach that applies all the principles of the green architecture is "rehabilitation" which has been applied on our case study to confirm its role to achieve sustainability.